Circuit simulations are great because you can experiment with circuits and make changes with almost no effort. In Circuit VR, we look at circuits using a simulator to do experiments without having to ...

Sensor circuits, measuring instruments, audio, and power supply circuits. Even in this age of digital dominance, the voltage ...

In the last Circuit VR we looked at some basic op amp circuits in a simulator, including the non-inverting amplifier. Sometimes you want an amplifier that inverts the signal. That is a 5V input ...

Give me a lever long enough and a fulcrum on which to place it, and I shall move the world. Archimedes The operational amplifier was originally developed as the active element of analog computers ...

If you have read my first blog, you may have noticed that I really like op amps. My primary expertise lies in designing them, but I’m also intrigued by clever op-amp application circuits. To promote ...

In previous articles—Common op-amp circuits, Op amps do integration, and The practical op-amp differentiator is quite versatile—we looked at some classic op amp circuits. These circuits used negative ...

Though sometimes taken for granted, designers shouldn’t overlook the intricacies of voltage- and current-feedback op amps—integral players in the analog and mixed-signal worlds. Op amps amplify tiny ...

The operational amplifier, which has become one of the most versatile and important building blocks in analog circuit design, is introduced in this chapter. The operational amplifier (op amp) fits ...

b. The gain is set by VCC as the higher the supply voltage, the higher the gain. c. By the value of R3 as this resistor to ground sets the offset bias seen by the op-amp hence the gain. d. By the ...

The term instrumentation amplifier (INA) often is misused, referring to the application rather than the architecture of the device. Historically, any amplifier that was considered precision (i.e., ...

It is important to consider the use of artificial intelligence (AI) for analog test and measurement, as well as other electrical engineering activities, as it helps ensure that critical electrical ...