Ecolinguistic discourse and language ecology examine the complex interplay between language use and the ecosystems—both natural and social—in which it is situated. Emerging in the early 1970s with the ...

Discourse and pragmatics explore how language functions beyond sentence-level grammar and literal meaning, focusing on how utterances are shaped by context, social norms and speaker intentions.

Cognitive linguistics is a modern school of linguistic thought that originally began to emerge in the 1970s due to dissatisfaction with formal approaches to language. As I explain in my book, ...